Europe Nucleic Acid Testing Market Opportunities in 38 Countries

Europe Nucleic Acid Testing Market Opportunities in 38 Countries

This new 38-country report is available by country, market segment, section, or individual test.

The report is designed to help current suppliers and potential market entrants identify and evaluate major business opportunities emerging in the molecular diagnostics market during the next five years. The report is available by section, and can be customized to specific information needs and budget.

Highlights

Supplier sales and market shares in major countries

Five-year test volume and sales forecasts

Strategic profiles of market players and start-up firms developing innovative technologies and products

Emerging technologies

Review of molecular diagnostic analyzers

Specific product and business opportunities for instrument and consumable suppliers

Rationale

The molecular diagnostics market is unquestionably the most rapidly growing segment of the in vitro diagnostics industry. The next five years will witness significant developments in reagent systems and automation, as well as introduction of a wide range of new products that will require innovative marketing approaches. The rate of market penetration into routine clinical laboratories, however, will depend on the introduction of cost-effective and automated systems with amplification methods.

In order to successfully capitalize on the opportunities presented by the molecular diagnostics market, many companies are already exploiting new molecular technologies as corporate strategic assets, managed in support of business and marketing strategies. Integrating new technology planning with business and corporate strategies will be one of the most challenging tasks for diagnostic companies during the next five years.

Country Analyses

Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine

Market Segmentation Analysis

Sales and market shares of key suppliers of molecular diagnostic reagent kits and components in major markets.

Five-year test volume and sales forecasts for major applications, including:

Infectious Diseases

Forensic Testing

Cancer

Paternity Testing/HLA Typing

Genetic Diseases

Others

Five-year test volume and sales projections for over 30 NAT assays.

A comprehensive analysis of the sequencing market, by country and laboratory segment, including:

Industrial

Academic

Government

Commercial

Market segmentation analysis, including review of the market dynamics, trends, structure, size, growth and suppliers in major countries.

Product/Technology Review

Comparison of leading molecular diagnostic analyzers marketed by Abbott, Beckman Coulter, BD, Bio-Rad, Gen-Probe, Roche, Tecan and other suppliers.

Extensive review of molecular diagnostic technologies, test formats, detection methodologies, trends in testing automation and over 30 target/signal amplification methods.

Universities and research centers developing new molecular diagnostic technologies and products.

Competitive Assessments

Extensive strategic assessments of major suppliers and emerging market entrants, including their sales, product portfolios, marketing tactics, collaborative arrangements and new technologies/products in R&D.

Companies developing and marketing molecular diagnostics products, by test and application.

Opportunities and Strategic Recommendations

Specific new product development opportunities with potentially significant market appeal during the next five years.

Design criteria for new products.

Alternative market penetration strategies.

Potential market entry barriers and risks.

Business planning issues and concerns.



Competitive Assessments

Abbott
Agilent Technologies
Applied Gene Technologies
Arca Biopharma
Beckman Coulter/Danaher/Cepheid
Becton Dickinson
Biokit
bioMerieux
Bio-Rad
Decode Genetics
Diasorin
Eiken Chemical
Elitech Group
Enzo Biochem
Exact Sciences
Fujirebio
Grifols
Hologic/Gen-Probe
Illumina
LabCorp/Sequenom
Leica Biosystems/Kreatech
Li-Cor Biosciences
Myriad Genetics
Proteome Sciences
Qiagen
Quest Diagnostics
QuidelOrtho
Roche
Shimadzu
Siemens Healthineers
Takara Bio
Tecan Group
Thermo Fisher
I. Introduction

II. Major Product Development Opportunities
A. Instrumentation
B. Reagent Kits and Test Systems/Panels
C. Computers, Software and Automation
D. Auxiliary Products

III. Design Criteria for Decentralized Testing Products

IV. Alternative Market Penetration Strategies
A. Internal Development
B. Collaborative Arrangements
C. University Contracts
D. Distribution Strategies for Decentralized Testing
Markets
V. Potential Market Entry Barriers and Risks
A. Market Maturity
B. Cost Containment
C. Competition
D. Technological Edge and Limitations
E. Patent Protection
F. Regulatory Constraints
G. Decentralized Testing Market Challenges

VI. Worldwide Market and Technology Review
A. DNA Sequencing
1. Introduction
2. Sequencing Methods
3. Autoradiography
4. The Human Genome Project
5. Sequencing Automation
6. Image Scanners
7. Fluorescent Detection
8. Gene Profiling
9. Gene Expression
10. Polymorphism Screening
11. Protein Interaction Networks

B. DNA and RNA Probe Technologies
1. Basic Principles
2. Probe Preparation
3. The DNA Probe Test
4. Test Formats
5. Labeling Techniques
6. Amplification Methods

C. Detection Technologies
1. Radioactive Methods
2. Non-Isotopic Methods

D. Instrumentation
Review of latest analyzers from Abbott, Beckman Coulter/Danaher,
Becton Dickinson, bioMerieux, Bio-Rad, Cepheid, Hologic, Qiagen, Roche,
Siemens Healthineers, and others.

E. Biochips: Genosensors, Microarrays, and Labs-on-the-Chip

F. Pharmacogenomics

G. Major Applications
1. Microbiology/Infectious Diseases
a. Overview
b. Major Infectious Diseases
AIDS: HIV/HIV-1/2/Combo, HIVAg/HIV NAT, Western Blot, HTLV-I/II
Adenovirus
Aeromonas
Anthrax/Bacillus Anthracis
Arboviruses
Babesiosis
Bacillary Epithelioid Angiomatosis (BEA) and Other Bartonella (Rochalimaea)
Blastocystis Hominis
Brucella
Campylobacter
Candida
Chagas Disease
Chancroid
Chlamydia
Clostridium Difficile
Coronaviruses
Coxsackieviruses
Creutzfeldt-Jakobs Disease
Cryptosporidium Parvum
Cyclospora Cayetanensis
Cytomegalovirus
Ebola Virus
E. Coli
EchoVirus
Encephalitis
Enteroviruses
Epstein-Barr Virus
Giardia Lamblia
Gonorrhea
Granuloma Inguinale
Hantavirus
Helicobacter Pylori
Hepatitis: HAV NAT, HBV NAT, HBs Ag, HCV, HCV NAT, AntiHBc, Anti-HBs, Anti-HAV, Hepatitis Delta, HBc Ag, HBe Ag, ALT/SGPT
Herpes Simplex Virus
Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6)
Influenza Viruses
Legionella
Lyme Disease
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
Malaria
Measles (Rubeola)
Meningitis
Microsporidium
Mononucleosis
Mumps
Mycoplasma
Papillomaviruses
Parvovirus B19
Pneumonia
Polyomaviruses
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Rabies
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Rhinoviruses
Rotavirus
Rubella
Salmonellosis
Septicemia
Shigellosis
Staphylococcus Aureus
Streptococci
Syphilis
Toxoplasmosis
Trichomonas Vaginalis
Tuberculosis
Vibrio
West Nile Virus
Yersinia

2. Cancer Testing
a. Overview
b. Major Cancer Types
* Prostate
* Lung
* Colon and Rectum
* Breast
* Skin
* Uterine
* Leukemia
* Oral
c. Oncogenes
The report provides review of both current and emerging oncogenes, including:
O Abl/abl-bcr
O AIB1
O BCL-2
O BRCA1
O CD44
O C-fos
O C-myb
O C-myc
O CYP17
O Erb-B
O HPC1
O N-myc
O P40
O P51
O P53
O PIK3CA
O PTI-1
O Ras
O Reg
O Sis
O Src
3. Genetic Diseases
a. Overview
b. Nucleic Acid Amplification
c. Chromosome Imaging
d. Genomics Technologies
e. Proteomics Technologies
f. Current Pharmacogenomic Tests
g. Future Pharmacogenomic Testing
h. Major Diseases
* Achondroplasia
* Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney
Disease
* Cancer
* Cosmetogenomics
* Cystic Fibrosis
* Downs Syndrome
* Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy
* Factor V (Leiden)
* Factor IX Deficiency
* Fragile X Syndrome
* Heart Disease
* Hemochomatosis
* Hemophilia
* Huntingtons Disease
* Maternal-Fetal Incompatibility
* Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
* Phenylketonuria (PKU)
* Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
* Prenatal Screening
* Retinitis Pigmentosa
* Retinoblastoma
* Sickle Cell Anemia
* Spinal Muscular Atrophy
* Vitamin B12 Metabolism and other
i. Social Issues and Concerns
4. Forensic Testing
a. Overview
b. Multilocus and Single Locus Probes
c. The FBI
d. DNA Profile Data Banks
e. Judicial Implementation
f. Major Crime Categories
g. Factors Contributing to the DNA Probe
Market Expansion
h. Wildlife Forensics
5. Paternity Testing/HLA Typing
6. Other Applications
a. Disease Susceptibility Testing
b. Cardiovascular Diseases
c. Diabetes
d. Alzheimers Disease
e. Periodontal Disease
f. Plasma Purification
g. Organ Transplantation
h. Water Contamination
i. Other

H. Competing/Complementing Technologies
1. Monoclonal Antibodies/Immunoassays
2. RNA Probes
3. Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis
4. Flow Cytometry

VII. Worldwide Market Overview
1. Business Environment
2. Market Structure
3. Market Size and Growth

VIII. France Molecular Diagnostics Market
A. Executive Summary
B. Business Environment
C. Market Structure
D. Market Size, Test Volume and Sales Forecasts,
Major Supplier Sales and Market Shares

IX. Germany Molecular Diagnostics Market
A. Executive Summary
B. Business Environment
C. Market Structure
D. Market Size, Test Volume and Sales Forecasts,
Major Supplier Sales and Market Shares

X. Italy Molecular Diagnostics Market
A. Executive Summary
B. Business Environment
C. Market Structure
D. Market Size, Test Volume and Sales Forecasts,
Major Supplier Sales and Market Shares

XI. Spain Molecular Diagnostics Market
A. Executive Summary
B. Business Environment
C. Market Structure
D. Market Size, Test Volume and Sales Forecasts,
Major Supplier Sales and Market Shares

XII. U.K. Molecular Diagnostics Market
A. Executive Summary
B. Business Environment
C. Market Structure
D. Market Size, Test Volume and Sales Forecasts,
Major Supplier Sales and Market Shares

XIII. Competitive Assessments
The report provides strategic assessments of over 40 leading molecular diagnostic
market players and start-up companies with innovative technologies and products,
including:
Abbott, Agilent Technologies, Beckman Coulter/Danaher, Becton Dickinson,
bioMerieux, Bio-Rad, Cepheid, DiaSorin, Eiken Chemical, Enzo, Fujirebio,
Grifols, Hologic, Illumina, LabCorp/Sequenom, Leica Biosystems, Myriad
Genetics, Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Qiagen, Quest Diagnostics, Quidel, Roche,
Shimadzu, Siemens Healthineers, Sierra Molecular, Takara Bio, Tecan Group,
Thermo Fisher, Wako and others.

List Of Tables

Major Companies Developing or Marketing AIDS Molecular
Diagnostic and Other Direct Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Adenovirus
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Bartonella
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Campylobacter
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Candida
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Chlamydia
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Clostridium
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Coronavirus
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Cryptosporidium
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing CMV Molecular
Diagnostic and Other Direct Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Echovirus Molecular
Diagnostic and Other Direct Identification Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Enterovirus Molecular
Diagnostic and Other Direct Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing EBV Molecular
Diagnostic and Other Direct Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Giardia
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Gonorrhea
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Hantavirus
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Helicobacter
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Hepatitis
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Herpes
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Influenza
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Legionella
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Lyme
Disease Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Measles
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Meningitis
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Mononucleosis
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Mumps
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Mycoplasma
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Pneumonia
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing RSV
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Rotavirus
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Rubella
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Salmonella
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests

Major Companies Developing or Marketing Septicemia
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Shigella
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Streptococci
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Syphilis
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Toxoplasmosis
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Trichomonas
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Tuberculosis
Molecular Diagnostic and Other Direct
Identification Tests
Oncogenes Potential Application in Cancer Diagnosis
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Cancer
Molecular Diagnostic Tests
Major Companies Developing or Marketing Molecular
Diagnostic Tests for Genetic Diseases
France
Molecular Diagnostics Test Volume And Sales
By Major Application
France
Laboratories Performing DNA Sequencing
By Market Segment

France
Molecular Diagnostics Market
Potential Laboratory Universe by Market Segment
France
Molecular Diagnostics Test Volume
By Major Application
France
Major Infectious Disease Test Volume by Assay
France
Major Infectious Disease Test Volume by Method
France
Molecular Diagnostics Market
By Major Application
France
Molecular Diagnostics Market
Estimated Sales and Market Shares of Major Suppliers
France
Major Infectious Disease Diagnostics Market by Assay
France
AIDS Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
France
Adenovirus Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
France
Chlamydia Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
France
CMV Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
France
Gonorrhea Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier

France
Hepatitis Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
France
Hepatitis C Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
France
HIV/Hepatitis Blood Screening NAT Market
Reagent Sales by Major Supplier
France
Herpes Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
France
Influenza Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
France
Meningitis Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
France
Mycoplasma Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
France
RSV Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
France
Shigella Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
Molecular Diagnostics Test Volume and Sales
By Major Application
Germany
Laboratories Performing DNA Sequencing
By Market Segment

Germany
Molecular Diagnostics Market
Potential Laboratory Universe by Market Segment
Germany
Molecular Diagnostics Test Volume
By Major Application
Germany
Major Infectious Disease Test Volume by Assay
Germany
Major Infectious Disease Test Volume by Method
Germany
Molecular Diagnostics Market
By Major Application
Germany
Molecular Diagnostics Market
Estimated Sales and Market Shares of Major Suppliers
Germany
Major Infectious Disease Diagnostics Market by Assay
Germany
AIDS Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
CMV Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
EBV Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
Gonorrhea Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
Hepatitis Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier

Germany
Hepatitis C Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
HIV/Hepatitis Blood Screening NAT Market
Reagent Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
Herpes Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
Influenza Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
Meningitis Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
Mycoplasma Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
Pneumonia Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
RSV Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Germany
Rotavirus Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Italy
Molecular Diagnostics Test Volume And Sales
By Major Application
Italy
Laboratories Performing DNA Sequencing
By Market Segment
Italy
Molecular Diagnostics Market
Potential Laboratory Universe by Market Segment

Italy
Molecular Diagnostics Test Volume
By Major Application
Italy
Major Infectious Disease Test Volume by Assay
Italy
Major Infectious Disease Test Volume by Method
Italy
Molecular Diagnostics Market
By Major Application
Italy
Molecular Diagnostics Market
Estimated Sales and Market Shares of Major Suppliers
Italy
Major Infectious Disease Diagnostics Market by Assay
Italy
AIDS Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Italy
CMV Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Italy
Gonorrhea Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Italy
Hepatitis Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Italy
Hepatitis C Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Italy
HIV/Hepatitis Blood Screening NAT Market
Reagent Sales by Major Supplier
Italy
Herpes Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier

Italy
Influenza Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Italy
Meningitis Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Italy
Mycoplasma Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Italy
RSV Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Spain
Molecular Diagnostics Test Volume And Sales
By Major Application
Spain
Laboratories Performing DNA Sequencing
By Market Segment
Spain
Molecular Diagnostics Market
Potential Laboratory Universe by Market Segment
Spain
Molecular Diagnostics Test Volume
By Major Application
Spain
Major Infectious Disease Test Volume by Assay
Spain
Major Infectious Disease Test Volume by Method
Spain
Molecular Diagnostics Market
By Major Application
Spain
Molecular Diagnostics Market
Estimated Sales and Market Shares of Major Suppliers

Spain
Major Infectious Disease Diagnostics Market by Assay
Spain
AIDS Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Spain
Chlamydia Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Spain
CMV Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Spain
Gonorrhea Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Spain
Hepatitis Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Spain
Hepatitis C Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Spain
HIV/Hepatitis Blood Screening NAT Market
Reagent Sales by Major Supplier
Spain
Herpes Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Spain
Influenza Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
Spain
Meningitis Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier

Spain
Mycoplasma Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
U.K.
Molecular Diagnostics Test Volume And Sales
By Major Application
U.K.
Laboratories Performing DNA Sequencing
By Market Segment
U.K.
Molecular Diagnostics Market
Potential Laboratory Universe by Market Segment
U.K.
Molecular Diagnostics Test Volume
By Major Application
U.K.
Major Infectious Disease Test Volume by Assay
U.K.
Major Infectious Disease Test Volume by Method
U.K.
Molecular Diagnostics Market
By Major Application
U.K.
Molecular Diagnostics Market
Estimated Sales And Market Shares of Major Suppliers
U.K.
Major Infectious Disease Diagnostics Market by Assay
U.K.
AIDS Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
U.K.
Gonorrhea Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier

U.K.
Hepatitis Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
U.K.
Hepatitis C Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
U.K.
HIV/Hepatitis Blood Screening NAT Market
Reagent Sales by Major Supplier
U.K.
Influenza Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
U.K.
Mycoplasma Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
U.K.
Pneumonia Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier
U.K.
Shigella Testing Market
Estimated Sales by Major Supplier

2024 Europe Hepatitis Diagnostic Testing Markers Supplier Shares and Strategies Volume and Sales Segment Forecasts for Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Diagnostic Procedures--Hospitals Blood Banks Commercial Labs POC Locations

2024 Europe Hepatitis Diagnostic Testing for 10 Markers: Supplier Shares and Strategies, Volume and Sales Segment Forecasts for Immunodiagnostic and Molecular Diagnostic Procedures--Hospitals, Blood Banks, Commercial Labs, POC Locations The

USD 6500 View Report

2024 Europe Drugs Abuse Testing Market Assays Supplier Shares

2024 Europe Drugs of Abuse Testing Market for 12 Assays: Supplier Shares and Strategies, Volume and Sales Segment Forecasts, Competitive Landscape, Innovative Technologies, Instrumentation Review, Opportunities for Suppliers This new

USD 4500 View Report

Vietnam Nucleic Acid Testing Market Opportunities

Vietnam Nucleic Acid Testing Market OpportunitiesThis new report is designed to help current suppliers and potential market entrants identify and evaluate emerging opportunities in the molecular diagnostics market during the

USD 2450 View Report

Venezuela Nucleic Acid Testing Market Opportunities

Venezuela Nucleic Acid Testing Market OpportunitiesThis new report is designed to help current suppliers and potential market entrants identify and evaluate emerging opportunities in the molecular diagnostics market during the

USD 2450 View Report

Fill The Form For Sample Request

Note : * Kindly provide us with your company id and get the sample reports at the earliest.

There is no Reviews available